On Functional Equivalence and Structural Equivalence in Translation
Abstract
Christiane Nords functionalism，Peter Newmarks opinions about equivalent effect in translation and Guo Zhuzhang’s eight translation methods which can be used to produce functional equivalence are introduced in this thesis, and the author discusses the relationship between functional equivalence and structural equivalence. The origin and history of functionalism are also introduced, and structural equivalence (grammatical equivalence, stylistic structure equivalence and culture structure equivalence) is discussed systematically in this thesis. The author points out that functional equivalence is the "standard" of translation. A lot of examples are given to prove the conclusion—sometimes the structural equivalence can be made to perfect the functional equivalence, especially in poetry , rhetoric and some special contexts. The author of this thesis wants to prove that translators must take both content and structure into consideration. Grammatical equivalence, stylistic structure equivalence and cultural structure equivalence should be kept if necessary.
Key Words: functional equivalence; structural equivalence; functionalism; equivalent effect
摘 要
本文總結了國內外功能翻譯對等理論的研究成果，其中包括克里斯汀娜•諾得（Christiane Nord）爲代表的現代的功能翻譯理論、皮特•紐馬克（Peter Newmark）的翻譯的對等影響（equivalent effect in translation）觀點以及郭著章關於保持翻譯功能對等的8種翻譯方法。並對翻譯的形式對等進行分類：語法對等、文體對等和文化結構對等。文中討論了翻譯中功能對等和形式對等兩者之間的關係。作者認爲，功能對等是翻譯的“標準”，任何翻譯都要儘可能達到功能對等。本文透過對功能主義的起源、發展和代表人物的理論的.歸納總結、對形式對等的系統化討論、以及對大量典型翻譯句段的分析，得出結論---在很多情況下，1定範圍內的形式對等能使翻譯的功能對等更加完善。適當追求形式對等並不會對翻譯的功能對等的實現造成障礙，反而對其有所助益。功能對等的實現，是形式對等和意義對等的完美結合體。在翻譯時，不僅要考慮到意義的對等，在語法、文體和文化結構上，也應作周全的考慮。
關鍵詞：功能對等、形式對等、功能翻譯理論、對等影響