【摘要】 自漢代以來,儒家文化一度成爲中國社會的主流文化,“仁”和“禮”是儒學的思想核心,它倡導中庸、和諧,大大推動了中國社會進步和民族文化發展。養成大氣、寬容的民族性格同時,也形成人們安於現狀,缺乏競技意識的生活態度。足球是一種特殊的文化現象,文化造就了足球風格,足球風格也體現了民族文化的內在精髓。傳統文化對於社會和個體的影響是一種總體性的潛移默化過程,傳統文化並不一定會對每一個社會個體直接地產生作用,我們也很難看到傳統文化的基本精神在某一個體身上完整的體現出來。體育是一種文化,足球是體育衆多項目中的一種,它深深根植於民族文化土壤之中,汲取着傳統文化中的精華與糟粕;不同的文化背景造就了風格迥異的各國足球風格,中國傳統文化不僅影響體育文化的個性,還影響着中國足球運動員對足球的理解,這是由民族思維方式所決定的。中華民族的傳統文化基因對足球風格的形成不無關係。中西方體育由於不同的傳統文化背景,在體育形式、健身理念、價值取向等方面存在着差異性,影響着人們的體育思維觀、價值觀等,進而影響運動員參與體育運動的現實表現。西方文化是一種與東方文化有着深遠淵源卻又與東方文化截然不同的一種文化模式,“融合”是西方文化不斷髮展的重要特徵,其重視個人價值和“競爭”特點,對現代西方足球風格的形成產生重大影響。在傳統文化潛移默化的影響下,中庸的倫理體育觀註定了中國球員的個性、處事態度、思維理念等,而這些與競技足球運動的本質特點要求不相適應。目前,中國足球不可謂沒有自己的風格,只是這種足球風格不夠鮮明、缺乏代表性和延續性,具有明顯的階段性特點,造成這種現狀的原因有很多,但中國傳統文化對其的影響是不容忽視的,深入到文化的層面來研究文化對足球運動發展、社會影響及其內在規律無疑有着極其深遠的理論和現實意義。本研究採用文獻資料法、問卷調查法、專家訪談法、邏輯分析法等多種體育科學研究方法,從中國傳統文化發展的基本特徵入手,分析了中國傳統文化的基本精神、西方文化的發展及其對足球風格形成的影響,透過對中、西文化薰陶下形成體育特徵的對比,重點分析論證了中國傳統文化對中國足球風格形成的影響,旨在爲指導足球訓練、更快地提高我國足球競技水平,形成科學的理論、方法體系及確立適合我國國情的足球風格提供有益的參考。
【Abstract】 Since the Han Dynasty, the Confucian culture had become the mainstream culture in Chinese society for a time. Both“Humanity”and“ceremony”is the ideological core of Confucianism, which advocates moderation and harmony, and greatly promotes Chinese social progress and development of national culture.“Humanity”and“ceremony”not only develops the lofty quality, tolerance of the national character, but also engenders people’s self-satisfaction, lack of competition’s attitude to life. Football is a special kind of cultural phenomenon that created a cultural style. Such a football style also reflects the inherent essence of our national culture. This dissertation discusses and analyses how traditional culture influences football style from the Chinese-Western cultural characteristics and the basic psychic itional culture exerts an influence on society and individual, which is generally a subtle process. Traditional culture has not always a direct effect to each social individual. It is also difficult for us to see the whole embodiment of the traditional culture’s basic spirit from a particular individual. What kind of style Chinese football can show has something to do with the Chinese national traditional culture’s gene. Physical culture is a kind of culture which football sports is invovled. It deeply roots in the national cultre, drawing the essence and dross from traditional culture. Different culture background makes different styles of football ese traditional culture affects not only physical culture’s personality, but also the Chinese football players’understanding on the football. All of this is decided by the national way of thinking. Because of the different culture background, chinese and western physical culture differ with each other in the form of physicle education, the conception of bodybuiding, and value orientation. All of this influences people's modes of thinking and values in sports, and even the representation of the players. Western culture is a culture which is derived from the estern but contrary to it. "Melting" is an important character of western culture, and the concern on indivisual value and competition is one of the prerequisit to the development of western football playing style . Under theexertion subtle influence on traditional culture, the moderate thoery of sports determins the personality , the attitude and the mind which do not fit in with the essential character of competitive football present, the Chinese football can not be called that it has not its own style, but this football style is not so clear and not so representativeand continual, it posesses obvious periodical feature. There are many reasons resulting in this status in quo, but the Chinese native culture and its impact on forming football style can not be ignored. So starting with the Chinese indigenous culture, to study its impact on the football style has an important theoretical value and practical study used many kinds of sports scientific research methods, such as using literature and data, questionnaires and surveys, expert interviews, logical analysis. This study starts with basic characteristics of the Chinese local cultural development, analyses basic spirit of Chinese local culture, Western culture’s development and its impact on the formation of football style. Through the comparison of the formation of sports characteristics under the edification of the Chinese and Western culture, the study analyses and argues the influence of the Chinese native culture on the formation of the Chinese football style. It is expected that the readers can gain useful revelation from this study.
【關鍵詞】 足球風格; 傳統文化; 儒家文化; 體育特徵; 比賽個性