公交車調度優化模型設計
摘要 本文所要解決的是公交車調度的問題，首先根據所具備的數據資料以及要求，考慮到乘客等車時間的限制，建立了1個線性模型，使所求得的調度方案更符合題目要求。然後，從乘客與公交公司的利益出發，設定1系列的指標，利用模糊評價的方法來對調度方案進行綜合分析與評價。其次，把這個調度問題抽象成爲1個數學規劃模型，透過到本城市公交車站實地調查訪問，得到運營數據的採集方法。最後，利用計算機模擬的方法對模型進行了檢驗，同時對模型的優缺點進行了分析，並提出改進方向。在模型1中，對問題1建立了求最大客容量、車次數、發車時間間隔等模型，運用決策方法給出了各時段最大客容量數，再與車輛最大客容量比較，得出載完該時組乘客的最少車次462次，從便於操作和發車密度考慮，給出了整分發車時刻表和需要的最少車輛數61輛。模型2建立模糊分析模型，結合層次分析求得模型1帶給公司和乘客雙方日滿意度爲（0.941，0.811）；根據雙方滿意度範圍和程度，找出同時到達雙方最優滿意度（0.8807，0.8807），且此時結果爲474次50輛；從日共需車輛最少考慮，結果爲484次45輛。對問題2，交待了綜合效益目標模型及線性規劃法求解。對於問題3，藉助了查閱資料和蒐集數據。
關鍵詞 公交調度；層次分析；滿意度。
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Keywords The hands over to adjust degree; Level of structure analysis;Approval.
1 前言
公共交通是城市交通的重要組成部分。做好公交車的調度，對於完善城市交通環境、改進市民出行狀況、提高公交公司的經濟和社會效益，都具有重要意義。下面考慮1條公交線路上公交車的調度問題，其數據來自我國1座特大城市某條公交線路的客流調查和運營資料。
該條公交線路上行方向共14個站，下行方向共13站，表1.1和表1.2給出的是典型的`1個工作日兩個執行方向各站上下車的乘客數量統計。公交公司配給該線路同1型號的大客車，每輛標準載客100人，據統計客車在該線路上執行的平均速度爲20公里每小時。運營調度要求，乘客候車時間1般不要超過10分鐘，早高峯時1般不要超過5分鐘，車輛滿載率不應超過120%，1般也不要低於50%。
試根據這些資料和要求，爲該線路設計1個便於操作的全天(工作日)的公交車調度方案，包括兩個起點站的發車時刻表；1共需要多少輛車；這個方案以怎樣的程度照顧到了乘客和公交公司雙方的利益等等。
如何將這個調度問題抽象成1個明確、完整的數學模型，指出求解模型的方法；根據實際問題的要求，如果要設計更好的調度方案，應如何採集運營數據。
