大學英語自學教程(上冊) 筆記 Unit 3-2
The 4th lecture of College English one:
Ⅰnsive reading text A:
Atlantic ocean is one of the oceans that separate the old world from the new.
譯：大西洋是隔斷新世界和舊世界的大洋之一。
分析：本句包含有一個that引導的定語從句，修飾先行詞oceans,注意此時只能用that,不能用which.如下的情況屬只能用that的情況：
1>.當先行詞是最進階形容詞或它的前面有最進階形容詞時。
He is the best person that always helps others
2>.當先行詞是序數詞，或前面有一個序數詞時。
He is the last person that I want to see.
3>.當主語已有疑問詞who或which時。
Which is the bike that you lost?
4>.當先行詞是all, much, something, anything, everything, little, etc等詞時。
We should hand in all that you have found.
5>.當先行詞前有only, any, few, one of, the same, no etc等詞時。
The only thing that we can do is to give you some money.
Li Ming is one of the students that want to be teacher in our class.
短語：separate sth from sth把…與…分開
England is separated from France by the English channel.
另外，the old World: Europe, Asia, Africa; the New World: the Americas.
centuries it kept the Americas from being discovered by the people of Europe.（*）
譯：好幾個世紀以來，它使美洲一直未被歐洲人發現
短語：keep/stop/prevent sb from doing sth:阻止某人做謀事
The bad weather can’t keep us from going to school/
being discovered: being動名詞，discovered過去分詞
wrong ideas about the Atlantic ocean made the early sailors unwilling to sail far out into it.(*)
譯：許多關於大西洋的錯誤觀點使得早期的水手不願遠航駛入大西洋。
分析： 主語：many wrong ideas；謂語：made； 賓語：the early sailors； 賓補：unwilling to sail far out into it。
短語：be unwilling to do sth; sail far out into it: 遠航駛入；make sb do sth
idea was that it reached out to “the edge of the world.”
譯：一種觀點是大西洋遠達世界的邊緣。
分析：that引導的是表語從句。它是名詞從句的一種。主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句屬於名詞從句。在四種從句中只有賓語從句能省略that這個關係連詞，在其它從句中不作任何成分，只起連接作用，但絕對不能省略。
a. That the earth is round is true.(主語從句)
b. All of us know that we must study hard.（賓語從句）
c. The idea that we invited him yesterday is quite good.（同位語從句）
d. Another idea was that at the equator the ocean would be boiling hot.（表語從句）
Atlantic ocean is only half as big as the pacific, but it was still very large.(*)
譯：雖然大西洋只有太平洋的一半，但它也很大。
倍數的比較：倍數 + as + adj/adv + as
hair is twice as long as yours.
classroom is only one third as big as theirs.
’s more than 4000 miles wide where Columbus crossed it.
譯：哥倫布穿越大西洋的航線有4000多英里寬。
基數詞 + 形容詞→作度量狀語。
is only five years old.
river is three meters deep.
classroom is five meters long.
so large an ocean, it has very few islands. Also, it is the world’s saltiest ocean.
譯：這麼大的'一個海洋卻只有少數幾個島嶼，並且它是世界上鹽分含量最高的海洋。（這是大西洋最大的兩大特點。）
e is so much water in the Atlantic ocean that it is hard to imagine how much there is.
譯：大西洋中有多得令人難以想象的海水。
So…that引導結果狀語從句。(so + adj / adv)
It’s so hot these days that we can’t go out.
suppose no more rain fell into it and no more water was brought to it by rivers.
譯：假設不再有雨水降入大西洋，也沒有河水匯入。本句存在一個重要的語法現象：虛擬語氣，即表示非真實的假設。該語法放到text B中進行詳講。
would take the ocean about 4000years to dry up.
譯：它大約需要4000年的時間才幹涸。
重要句型：it takes / took sb some time to do sth花某人多少時間作某事
Every day it takes me an hour to go to work.
now have such fast ways of traveling that this big ocean seems to have grown smaller.
譯：我們現在有如此多的快速旅行方式，使大西洋似乎變小了。
短語：such + n + that 引導結果狀語從句，注意和so…that…比較。
’s such a lovely girl that everyone likes her very much.
’s so lovely a girl that everyone likes her very much.
seem to 彷彿、好像
Ⅱ. Brief summary about the useful phrases:
rate…from…(1段1行); sb from doing sth(1段2行); sb do sth(2段1行); ing hot(2段5行); …that…(5段1行); more(5段2行); the average(5段4行); up(10段2行); …that…(11段1行); to(11段2行); unwilling to do…(2段1行)