說英語的時候你有沒有碰到過什麼困難呢？有時候最困難的事情就是開始一段對話。不管是在正式、非正式、工作場合、學校或者其他場景，你都需要學習一些能夠發起對話的英語表達。以及歡迎繼續收聽下一節課，如何繼續對話。
Shayna Oliveira is the creator of , where you can improve your English even if you don’t have much time to study – the lessons are short and sweet! Students love Shayna’s pleasant voice and practical teaching style. She is originally from the U.S. and now lives in Salvador, Brazil.
Shayna Oliveira是的創始人。這個網站能幫助你提高你的英語水平，別擔心你沒有太多時間學習，網站上的課程十分簡短而實用！學生們大愛Shayna優美的嗓音和她從實際出發的教學風格。她本人來自美國，現居巴西的薩爾瓦多。
Do you have difficulty speaking English? Sometimes the hardest part is simply starting a conversation. Learn these expressions for starting a conversation in English in any situation – formal or informal, at work, school, or other contexts! And stay tuned for the next lesson, which will be on how to continue the conversation.
說英語的時候你有沒有碰到過什麼困難呢？有時候最困難的事情就是開始一段對話。不管是在正式、非正式、工作場合、學校或者其他場景，你都需要學習一些能夠發起對話的英語表達。以及歡迎繼續收聽下一節課，如何繼續對話。
STARTING A CONVERSATION WITH A FRIEND 朋友聊天
With friends, you can use informal English expressions like these:
和朋友在一起的時候你就可以用一些非正式的英語表達，以下這些口頭語可供參考：
What’s up?
How’s it going?
The correct answer to “What’s up?” is “Not much.” You can then add a detail about what’s happening in your life at the moment. If someone says “How’s it going?” you can answer “Good” or “Not so good” and then say why.
“What’s up?”的正確回答應該是“Not much”，你還可以加上一點你生活中正在發生的事情以作補充。如果有人說“How’s it going?”，你可以回答“Good” 或者 “Not so good”然後說說爲什麼。
STARTING A CONVERSATION WITH A COLLEAGUE 同事聊天
In the office, you use slightly more formal English, such as these common expressions:
在辦公室裏你就可以用一些稍微正式一點的英語表達方式，就像以下這些習慣用法：
Hi, John. How are you doing?
How’s your day going?
We’re sure having a busy/slow day today.
Have you heard the news about ________?
(on Friday週五): Have you got any plans for the weekend?
(on Monday週一): How was your weekend?
You can talk about projects you’re working on, or about hobbies you have outside work. Current national and international news is also a good topic of conversation.
你可以聊聊你正在從事的項目，或者工作以外的興趣愛好。最近的國內、國際新聞也是適合聊天的好話題哦。
STARTING A CONVERSATION WITH A FRIEND WHO YOU HAVEN’T SEEN IN A LONG TIME 和許久未見的朋友聊天
Here are some common expressions to start a conversation with someone you see after a long separation:
以下這些表達方式，適用於和久未謀面的朋友聊天：
Hi Paula! How have you been?
Long time no see!
So, what have you been up to lately?
How’s your family?
Are you still working at ABC Company?
In this case, you can ask about news in your friend’s work, study, family, and hobbies. The friend will probably ask you about recent developments in your own life, too.
在這種情況下，你可以問問你的朋友事業、學業、家庭、興趣愛好方面有沒有什麼新變化。與此同時，你的朋友也很可能會問問你最近生活的進展。
STARTING A CONVERSATION AT A PARTY OR WEDDING 在派對或婚禮上聊天
I don’t think we’ve met – I’m Shayna.
Are you from New York?
So, how do you know Mary?
Have you tried the chocolate cake? It’s delicious!
If you’re at a party or wedding, you can start a conversation by asking how the person knows the host of the party (or the people getting married). You can also comment about the food and drinks, or about the music.
如果你在一個派對或者婚禮上，你可以問問對方是怎麼認識派對的主人（或者舉辦婚禮的新人），以此開始對話。你也可以評論一下派對或婚禮上的食物、飲料或者音樂。
STARTING A CONVERSATION AT A CONFERENCE OR WORK EVENT 在會議或工作場所對話
I don’t think we’ve met – I’m Shayna.
So, where are you from?
What did you think of the speaker?
That was an excellent workshop – I learned a lot. How about you?
The expression “I don’t think we’ve met” can be used in professional situations too. You can ask about the person’s job, what company they are from, and their opinions about the conference events.
“I don’t think we’ve met”這種表達法既可以用於非正式場合，也可以用於正式場合。你可以問對方的工作情況，他們是哪個公司的，以及他們對會議內容的看法。
STARTING A CONVERSATION WITH SOMEONE YOU HAVE JUST BEEN INTRODUCED TO 和剛認識的人對話
Nice to meet you!
How do you two know each other?
So, what do you do for a living? (= what is your job?)
What are you studying?
How long have you been (a journalist / doing yoga / interested in music)?
How did you get into it?
Imagine you have a friend, Nora, who introduces you to her friend Ryan. You can ask about how they know each other, and about Ryan’s job. If Nora says Ryan is a student, you can ask about his area of study and what year of college he’s in. If Nora introduces Ryan as a journalist, or a friend from yoga class, or a musician, you can ask about how long he has done that activity, or how he first got interested in it. His answer will then provide material to continue the conversation.
想象一下你有個朋友Nora，她把你介紹給了她的朋友Ryan。你可以問問他們是怎麼認識的，也可以問問Ryan的工作。如果Nora說Ryan是個學生，你就可以問問他的專業和年級。如果Nora介紹Ryan是個記者、或者是從瑜伽班認識的朋友，或者是個音樂家，你就可以問問他幹那行多久了，或者他爲什麼對這個感興趣。他的答案也能給你提供展開對話的素材。
STARTING A CONVERSATION WITH SOMEONE YOU MEET OUTSIDE 和外面遇到的人對話
It’s a beautiful day, isn’t it?
It looks like it’s going to rain/snow.
Can you believe all this rain/snow we’ve been having?
Sure is a hot/cold one today!
Your dog is so cute! What’s his name?
If you’re in a park, on the street, etc., the most common way to start a conversation is by talking about the weather.
如果你在公園裏、街上或者別的地方，要想開啟話匣子，最通常的方式就是先聊聊天氣。
STARTING A CONVERSATION WITH A STRANGER IN OTHER SITUATIONS 在其他情況下和陌生人聊天
The secret to starting a conversation with someone you don’t know is to make a comment about the current social context. Here are a few examples of how to do this:
和陌生人搭話的祕訣是，就當前所處情景發表評論。下面有幾個例子，教你什麼場合說什麼話：
美術館At an art gallery: “That’s an interesting painting. What do you think of it?”
酒吧At a bar: “This is a great song – I love Latin music. How about you?”
體育比賽現場At a sports game: “Wow, that was a great play! So, who’s your favorite player?”
咖啡廳At a cafe: “Boy, do I need a coffee!”
音樂會或者重大活動At a concert or event: “What a great turnout! Have you ever been here before?”
操場At a playground: “My kids are sure full of energy today!
As in the example of the cafe and playground, you don’t need to ask a direct question. You can simply make a comment to the other person, and this is like an invitation for the other person to comment, too. This can then begin a conversation.
就像以上咖啡館和操場兩個例子一樣，你不需要開門見山地問問題，你可以簡單地向對方發表一句你的評論，就好像是邀請對方一起加入評論，這樣同樣可以開始一個對話。
旅遊英語情景口語對話：迪士尼
加州迪斯尼樂園(Disneyland Park in California)位於美國加利福尼亞州阿納海姆市(Anaheim)迪斯尼樂園度假區，於1955 年 7 月 17 日開業，是世界上第一個迪斯尼主題樂園，被人們譽爲地球上最快樂的地方。
旅遊英語情景口語對話：迪斯尼樂園A Dream World: Disneyland
SAM： It sure is hot. Why don't we go in the Haunted House？
At least it will be air conditioned.
ALICE： I've told you a thousand times. I don't want to go in the Haunted House.
It's too scary！
SAM： Well. Maybe I'll go alone then. I really don't want to miss it.
ALICE： Go alone if you want. I will wait at that cafe and have a soda.
SAM： It might take a long time. Because there is a line， you know.
ALICE： I know. But if you don't go in the Haunted House， you won't be happy.
So I will wait for you. It's no problem.
SAM： Thanks.
ALICE： How was it？
SAM： I'm sorry it took so long.
ALICE： Don't worry about it. But how was it？
SAM： Alice， it really was great.
I think it was the most interesting thing here. You really should go in.
ALICE： No， I don't want to.
SAM： Really. The special effects are fantastic.
You shouldn't be scared. You would really enjoy it.
ALICE： Sam， I never like Haunted Houses.
When I was a kid， I didn't like them. when I was in high school， I didn't like them.
when I was in college， I didn't like them. So why should I like them now？
SAM： But this is maybe one of the best Haunted Houses in North America！ It's different.
ALICE： Why don't we go to the Epcot Center instead？
They have displays from many cultures around the world.
SAM： I saw that in the guide.
It looks like they have different restaurants and different kinds of architecture.
Do you want to go？
ALICE： Yes. That is something I will enjoy.
SAM： Alright， let's go then. How many tickets do we have left？
ALICE： We still have most of the tickets we bought.
We can go on a lot of different rides if you like.
SAM： I was only interested in the Haunted House and the roller coaster rides.
The other rides are for kids.
ALICE： Let's start walking to the Epcot Center then.
According to this map， it is up this pathway here.
SAM： Alright， let's go.
山姆：好熱喔！我們去玩鬼屋如何？
至少裏面有空調。
愛麗絲：我告訴過你好幾次了，我不想玩鬼屋。
那太恐怖了。
山姆：那麼我可以自己去玩，我真的不想錯過。
愛麗絲：那你自己去好了，我在咖啡廳喝杯汽水等你。
山姆：可能會很久喔，你看隊伍排得好長。
愛麗絲：我知道，但是你若沒去玩鬼屋，一定不開心。
所以我等你，沒關係。
山姆：謝謝。
愛麗絲：好玩嗎？
山姆：抱歉去了那麼久。
愛麗絲：別放在心上。怎麼樣，好玩嗎？
山姆：愛麗絲，真的好好玩。
我覺得這裏最有趣的就是鬼屋了，你真的要去玩玩看。
愛麗絲：我纔不想。
山姆：它的特效太詭異了。
你不會害怕，你會喜歡玩的。
愛麗絲：山姆，我從來就不喜歡玩鬼屋。
我小的時候不喜歡，上了中學也不喜歡。
上大學時也不喜歡，爲什麼我現在就會喜歡呢？
山姆：但是這是北美最好玩的鬼屋之一耶，不一樣的。
愛麗絲：我們何不去艾柏卡中心呢？
那裏有世界各國文化的展示。
山姆：我在指南上看過。
好象有各種的餐廳和各國的建築。
你想去嗎？
愛麗絲：好啊，一定有我喜歡的。
山姆：那麼走吧！我們還剩下多少張票？
愛麗絲：我們還有好多票。
如果你喜歡，我們還可以玩好多遊樂設施。
山姆：我只喜歡鬼屋和雲霄飛車。
其它都是小孩子玩的。
愛麗絲：那麼我們現在就去艾柏卡中心吧！
照地圖上看來，它在這條走道的前方。
山姆：好了，走吧。
短期內突破六級聽力長對話，可以的！
單就長對話而言，長對話作爲六級聽力改革後的新題型體現了命題組對於考試改革的訴求——強調在實際環境中的語言運用能力。涉及到的對話場景內容非常廣泛，從校園生活到生活中的各種場景。學生可以透過抓住“信號詞” 來判斷具體場景。經常涉及到的場景有：旅遊(飛機、機場、出行準備等)、校園、工作面試、訪談等。
我們分析一篇文章。
例題：
W: Right, well, in the studio this morning, for our interview spot is Peter Wilson 【人名，重要】. Peter works for Green Peace 【特殊表達，文章主題詞】. So, Peter, welcome。
M: Thanks a lot. It's good to be here。
W: Great! Now, Peter, perhaps you can tell us something about Green Peace and your job there.【寒暄，爲了迷惑考生，此處進入正題】
M: Sure. Well, I'll start by telling you roughly what Green Peace is all about. I actually work in London for the Green Peace organization(人物職業，22題考點1). We've been going for a few decades and we're a non-violent, non-political organization. We're involved in anti-nuclear activity, conservation and protection of animals and protection and support of our eco-system. I'm the action organizer and arrange any protests。(人物職業重複，22題考點1)
W: Right! A pretty important role, Peter. What sort of protest would you organize?
M: Well, recently we've been involved in anti-nuclear campaigns. (問答關係，23題考點2)I, personally arranged for the demonstration against radioactive waste dumping in the Atlantic Ocean. We've got a few small Green Peace boats that we harass(特殊詞彙，首次出現，24題考點2) the dumping ship with。
W: Say? Hold on, Peter. I thought you said your organization was non-violent. What do you mean by "harass"?(重複核心詞，也是問題所在。問答關係。)
M: Well, we circle round and round the ships and get in the way when they try to dump the drums of nuclear waste in the sea。(針對問題harass的具體回答，24題考點3) We talk to the men and try to change, you know, yell at them to stop. We generally make ourselves as much of a nuisance as possible。
M: Well, people may think differently of your methods, but there's no doubt you're doing a great job。(轉折詞but+態度判斷詞great，25題考點4) Keep it up and good luck (繼續態度判斷). And thanks for talking with us。
W: Thanks for having me。
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard。
22. What is the man's chief responsibility in the Green Peace organization?
A. Organising protests C. Acting as its spokesman。
B. Recruiting members D. Saving endangered animals。
23. What has Green Peace been involved in recently?
A. Anti-animal-abuse demonstrations B. Anti-nuclear campaigns
C. Surveying the Atlantic Ocean floor D. Removing industrial waste。
24. How does Green Peace try to stop people from dumping nuclear waste?
A. By harassing them. C. By taking legal action。
B. By appealing to the public D. By resorting to force。
25. What is the woman's attitude towards the Green Peace's campaigns?
A. Doubtful C. Indifferent 。
B. Reserved D. Supportive
解析：針對文章本身，我們秉承一貫的解析傳統，將原文和考點的出處以及正確答案分別作了標註，考生可以一一對應，自行找出字裏行間的考點。
做題的時候一定要和短文一樣對題目的出題位置有明確的把握，位置感很重要。一般而言，對話時，開頭的客套以及問候與結尾的道別結束語很少出題，而對話中段往往纔是重點。
從重點劃線部分我們發現長對話和短文題目做題有着驚人的相似!問答式的考點(一問一答中Question針對問題發問，回答是正確答案考點)，分層次的考察(Top-Down Level)，建議請求的運用。特別明顯的是對話的開頭部分一直在糾纏Green Peace如何以及Peter怎麼樣，所以只考察了一道題目，第二道題目直到對話的中部纔出現，因爲兩個人直到那時才從Green Peace的基本介紹轉到Peter的工作和日常事務這個話題上來。此外，這則對話還秉承了passage的一個重要的考察方式，就是在對話的開頭部分一定會出題目。這一點的考察利用的是考生往往很難在一個段落剛開始的時候集中注意力，所以這時候考察的題目難度就顯得很高。
另外，24題的考法是長對話中最典型的一種，就是針對動作行爲進行發問，考點在於考生需要聽明白人物發出的動作是什麼，原文的動詞harass和選項的harass是一摸一樣，屬於最簡單的考法，而且原文重複兩次，因此考生對此即便是不知道harass是什麼意思也能選對。
25題的考法是一貫的長對話結尾題，往往以態度判斷和結論作爲考察對象，此題選項均爲態度詞，很容易判斷，另外，注意到選項呈現“三負一正”的格局，因此答案是顯然的。
綜上所述，長對話並不可怕，它結合了短對話對問答句式，態度判斷和關鍵場景賜予的考察和短文部分對文章層次和理解能力的要求。所以做這樣的題目往往需要具備綜合的素質，既要注意其中的細節，又要注意整體的把握，還要能夠應付二篇文章中一共7道題目的題量，對於綜合能力的要求是顯著提高了。建議考生在練習的時候可以先把短對話和長段子兩部分分別練好，再尋找一些長對話題目進行綜合練習。我們熟悉的雅思考試和托福考試的真題中都有大量的長對話題目可供大家參考。
做題建議：
1.提前瀏覽，有備而聽
對於任何一種考試來說，題目本身其實也是線索，只要運用得當，勢必獲益非淺。所以，考試時在聽力考試錄音開始之前要儘可能抽時間瀏覽所有選項，以便預測對話的主題和相關細節內容。
當然，從錄音材料看來，透過instruction我們知道，短對話和長對話之間幾乎沒有什麼時間間隔，所以不能等到短對話結束時再來瀏覽長對話選項，而應在放Section A的Direction時就開始。爲了顧全長短對話，我們的策略是：考生可以先迅速瀏覽前四個短對話的選項，用以備聽做題，而從第五個對話開始，每個短對話之間都有15秒左右的時間間隔，考生可利用這段時間來預讀下一題的選項。當讀完前四個短對話的選項後，考生應在Directions結束前，迅速瀏覽第一個長對話的所有選項，儘可能找出相關線索。根據樣卷錄音，Section A的Directions大約持續一分20秒左右的時間，如果加上考場試音的時間則更長。這足可以讓考生預讀前四個短對話的選項和第一個長對話的所有選項。
2.分析選項，預測內容
選項的預讀是對考生閱讀能力的考覈，能不能在40秒左右的時間內看完第一個長對話後的4題12個選項將是制勝的關鍵因素之一。這需要考生在考前經過專門的快速閱讀的訓練，並加以合理的應試技巧，方能臨場奏效。
在分析選項的部分，希望考生能針對如下三個關鍵部分進行快速判斷：
A。人物關係(Relationship，鄰居?夫妻?同學?師生?同事等，能夠爲後面做題判斷人物身份起到良好的鋪墊)。
B。動作行爲 (動詞和動詞結構往往是最重要的考察對象之一)。
C。態度詞 (長對話結尾往往涉及態度判斷和結論)
3. 邊聽邊選，不要走神
儘量在聽的'時候確定哪個選項能夠最大程度的吻合，這是做短文聽力的宗旨，同樣適用於長對話。平時訓練做到“邊聽邊記”、強調語言輸出的強化訓練爲主，上了考場強調“邊聽邊選”。最後聽問題確定自己的正確答案，因爲聽力時間間隔很短，因此哪怕是猜的答案，一旦作出判斷，就不要過多糾纏於這一分。集中注意力到下一題當中。
銀行業務實用對話
出國旅遊會遇到兌換貨幣的問題，不會怎麼行呢，一起學習吧。
銀行業務實用對話
Bank Service 銀行業務
情境對話1
Exchanging Money 兌換貨幣
Emma: Excuse me.
艾瑪：打擾了。
Clerk: Yes, what can I do for you?
職員：好的，有什麼能幫忙的?
Emma: Can you change so me money for me, please?
艾瑪：您能幫我兌換些錢嗎？
Clerk: Certainly, madam. What is it you wish to change?
職員：當然，女士。您想兌換什麼錢？
Emma: American dollars.
艾瑪：美元。
Clerk: How much do you want to change?
職員：您想換少？
Emma: $l000 in traveler’s check and $500 in cash.
艾瑪：1000美元的旅行支票，500美元的現金。
Clerk: The rate of exchange is one dollar to six point seven RMB now.
職員：兌換率爲1美元兌換67元人民幣。
Emma: OK I see.
艾瑪：好的，道了。
Clerk: Here are the traveler’s checks and the cash.
職員：給您旅行支票和現金。
Emma: Thank you.
艾瑪；謝謝。
Clerk: Please endorse the traveler’s checks.
職員：旅行支票上簽字。
Emma: OK. Here it is.
艾瑪：好的，給您。
情境對話2
Exchanging for RMB 兌換人民幣
Clerk: Next, please.
職員：下一位。
John: Hi, could you change me some money for RMB?
約翰：您好，您能給我兌換些人民幣嗎？
Clerk: Sure. What kind of currency have you got?
職員：當然。您有哪種貨幣？
John: US dollars.
約翰：美元。
Clerk: How much do you want to change?
職員：您要換多少錢?
John: Eight hundred US dollars, and what's the exchange rate for today?
約翰：800美元。今天的匯率是多少？
Clerk: Today's exchange rate of US dollars against Chinese RMB is one-US dollar t0 6.7 Chinese Yuan.
職員：今天的匯率是1美元兌換6.7元人民幣。
John: I see. Here are my US dollars.
約翰：我知道了。這是我的美元。
Clerk: OK. Here are your RMB and receipt. Please have a check.
職員：好的，給您人民幣和收 。請點一下。
John: Thank you.
約翰：謝謝您
馬雲對話阿湯哥：他太牛了！
由阿里影業集團參與投資的《碟中諜5》在上海舉行首映禮，阿里巴巴集團董事局主席馬雲與電影主演湯姆·克魯斯進行了一場主題對話。
馬雲：如果工作不是有趣的，那活在這個世界意義何在？
我想對此發表一下我的見解。人們問我：“爲什麼你這麼忙？還有時間看電影？”。我確實很忙，但我也確實看了很多電影。我鼓勵人們，如果你想知道當下和未來的趨勢，你就需要看電影。想要與當下的年輕人保持與時俱進，就看看電影。我看了《碟中諜4》，那好像是在2011年拍的，對吧？而電影裏的面部識別技術我們在今年剛剛發佈了這樣的技術。
阿湯哥：看電影也能給人帶來夢想，有夢想並有創造力是很重要的事情，要成爲自己生命中最堅強的。我覺得看電影也能夠讓人放飛夢想並將其利用來創造。你必須要能夠有自己的夢想並創造自己的生活。
馬雲：活人與死人的最大區別就是活着的人有夢想。
主持人：在電影《碟中諜5》中，你既是製片人，又是主演，又是特技演員。請問你是如何平衡這一切的呢？
阿湯哥：團隊協作。我和我欣賞的人一起工作，比如克里斯托夫，還有親密的朋友們和有才華的人們一起工作，遇見了很棒的人。我遇見了很多比我聰明的人，很有才華的人，比如說弗格森。這就是我們所做的。我每週七天都在工作，事實上我現在正在南美拍片子，我是在週末的時間裏飛到中國來到這裏的，這樣是我與派拉蒙、和梅根合作時的工作方式。每個人都是團隊的一份子，很幸運有這麼多有才華的人在完成他們的工作，並共同協作。也許電影通常是兩個小時左右，但在成型之前我們每週要工作七天來完成。我承認我還挺樂於其中的，我必須承認我真的很喜歡有壓力的感覺，我的朋友們都知道。
《別笑！我是瘋狂英語會話書》第4章關鍵句型13：That's the best way to ～
必須掌握的關鍵句型:13
's the best way to ～.這是～的最好辦法。
That's the best way to get over a cold .這是治療感冒的最好辦法。
That's the best way to make her happy .這最能讓她開心。
That's the best way to lose weight .這是減肥的最佳方式。
That's the way all Korean women used to feel .這是所有韓國女性最普遍的體會。
基本例句鞏固練習1.
A:How do you study English ?
你是怎樣練習英語的？
B:I try to speak English by myself every day .
我每天都要朗讀英語。
A:That's the best way to learn how to speak .
這是練習說英語的最佳途徑。
《別笑！我是瘋狂英語會話書》第4章關鍵句型12：I'm supposed to do ～
必須掌握的關鍵句型:12
12.I'm supposed to do ～.我想～。
I'm supposed to go skiing during winter vacation .寒假的時候，我想去滑雪。
I'm supposed to hear from him tomorrow .我估計明天就能收到他的信。
I'm supposed to attend her wedding .我打算去參加她的婚禮。
What am I supposed to do .我應該怎麼做呢？
You are not supposed to do that .你不該那麼做。
What am I supposed to do while waiting for you ?等你的時候我該乾點兒什麼呢？
When is he supposed to go out ?他想什麼時候走？
Dad says I'm supposed to help you .爸爸說我應該來幫你。
基本例句鞏固練習1.
A:How will you spend next Sunday ?
下個星期天你怎麼過？
B:I'm supposed to go to the beach with my friends . How about you ?
我想和朋友一起去海邊。你呢？
A:I'll fool around and do nothing at home all day .
我要在家待一整天，什麼都不做。