準備了許久ACT備考的同學們有沒有發現逗號在其中所發揮的作用，逗號經常會容易被大家忽略，但是它確是ACT非常重要的考點之一。下面是小編爲大家整理收集的關於ACT考試中逗號的的特點和用法，歡迎大家的閱讀。
(1) 逗號的間隔作用
逗號常用來間隔兩個或兩個以上的並列成分, 但是逗號更重要的考點在於逗號的單獨使用, 以及逗號與連詞連用。關於逗號的使用方法因人而異, 因地而異。在這裏會給大家羅列出在SAT&ACT考試當中逗號的正確用法。
EX) She came, he did not.(X)
—> She came, but he did not.(O)
EX) The new virus is alleged to have an unprecedented rate of spreading, and the news that shocked the city government.(X)
—> The new virus is alleged to have an unprecedented rate of spreading, the news that shocked the city government.(O)
(2) 序列逗號又名牛津逗號:常見於SAT & ACT
並列的三個或三個以上的詞、詞組或從句都要用逗號分隔開。每兩個成分之間都要有一個逗號, 在最後一個成分之前要加上and。在and前的逗號叫做序列逗號又名牛津逗號。儘管很多學校認爲加上序列逗號沒有必要, 而且很多報紙和雜誌通常不使用序列逗號, 但是在SAT&ACT考試當中, 同學們一定要注意加上序列逗號。
EX) He teaches Japanese, Chinese and English.(X)
—> He teaches Japanese, Chinese, and English.(O)
EX) The lion saw another lion, confirmed it was a male and fought it.(X)
—> The lion saw another lion, confirmed it was a male, and fought it.(O)
(3) 兩個獨立句子結合時逗號的使用問題
如果兩個獨立的句子要結合在一起, 我們需要用一個逗號+並列連詞(and, but, or, nor, so, for, yet)的形式。但是如果兩個句子的主語相同, 可以省略第二個句子的主語成分, 這時就不需要加逗號直接使用並列連詞即可。
EX) Cathy earned a lot of money but her mother got sick soon.(X)
—> Cathy earned a lot of money, but her mother got sick soon.(O)
—> Cathy earned a lot of money and spent it for pleasure mostly.(O)
(4) 兩個短語結合時逗號的使用問題
如果僅僅是兩個短語結合而不是句子,那麼就不需要使用逗號。
EX) With heat, and long working hours, they gradually got exhausted.(X)
—> With heat and long working hours, they gradually got exhausted.(O)
(5) 連詞之後逗號的使用問題
逗號不可以用在連詞之後 。
EX) Roger wanted to study more but, his mother told him to go to sleep.(X)
—> Roger wanted to study more, but his mother told him to go to sleep.(O)
(6) 分詞結構與逗號的使用問題
如果句子是含有非謂語動詞的獨立結構需要用逗號將獨立結構與主句分開, 表明獨立結構的邏輯主語與主句主語一致。
EX) Lin offered a chance to make money to Kim, working in the pyramid organization.
= Working in the pyramid organization, Lin offered a chance to make money to Kim.
EX) Lin offered a chance to make money to Kim working in the pyramid organization. Lin給在金字塔組織工作的Kim提供了一個賺錢的機會。
(7) 同位語與逗號的使用問題
同位語經常被看作插入語, 當在名詞之後加上同位語並且同位語對名詞起解釋或補充說明的作用時, 同位語的前後都有逗號。但是,當同位語放在名詞之前時,就不需要用逗號隔開, 因爲在這種情況下同位語相當於形容詞。
EX) Bruce English archaeologist went to Singapore.(X)
—> Bruce, English archaeologist, went to Singapore.(O)
EX) English archaeologist, Bruce went to Singapore.(X)
—> English archaeologist Bruce went to Singapore.(O)
EX) My math teacher, Mr. Hu’s aim school’s average score over city’s can be difficult.(X)
—> My math teacher Mr. Hu’s aim, school’s average score over city’s, is impossible.(O)
(8) 從屬連詞與逗號的使用問題
當狀語從句前置時,主句與從句之間應用逗號隔開。但是當狀語從句在主句之後時, 就不需要使用逗號了。
EX) If you text while driving you will have difficulty concentrating.(X)
—>If you text while driving, you will have difficulty concentrating.(O)
EX) You will have difficulty concentrating, if you text while driving.(X)
—>You will have difficulty concentrating if you text while driving.(O)
EX) Shawn did not want to see the test result, because he was afraid.(X)
—> Shawn did not want to see the test result because he was afraid.(O)
(9) 形容詞的並列與逗號的使用問題
當形容詞並列使用時, 用逗號代替並列連詞將形容詞隔開, 且形容詞之後必須有需要修飾的名詞。
EX) She was a thin and agile athlete. = She was a thin, agile athlete.
EX) Ricky’s room was dark, mysterious.(X)
—>Ricky’s room was dark and mysterious.(O)
(10) 引用部分與逗號的使用問題
句子中被引用的部分要用逗號隔開。如果引用的句子被分開使用, 要用逗號表明哪一部分是主句，哪一部分是被分開的引語。
EX) “The hurricane” said Daine “is becoming stronger each time.” (X)
—> “The hurricane,” said Daine, “is becoming stronger each time.” (O)
(11) 對比短語與逗號的使用
兩個意思相反的短語之間要用逗號隔開。
EX) The movie was filmed in China not in Japan.(X)
—> The movie was filmed in China, not in Japan.(O)
EX) Matt was angry with his brother not with his friends.(X)
—> Matt was angry with his brother, not with his friends.(O)
(12) 關係代詞前加逗號的問題
1) 當關系代詞前有逗號時, 從句要表達對主句內容,或先行詞的補充、解釋或附加說 明。主句與先行詞或從句之間一般用逗號分開,常常單獨翻譯。沒有從句, 主句意思仍然完整。
EX) He has two sons who became doctors.
這裏，who became doctors修飾two sons 他有兩個兒子成爲了醫生。(他可能有好幾個兒子, 但是隻有兩個成爲了醫生)
EX) He has two sons, who became doctors.
這裏，who became doctors是對前面他有兩個兒子進行修飾
= He has two sons, and they became doctors. 他有兩個兒子, 都成爲了醫生。
2) 逗號不能放在that之前
EX) The car, that he bought, got recalled.(X)
—>The car, which he bought, got recalled.(O)
—> The car that he bought got recalled.(O)
他買的車被召回了。
3) 當人名出現在關係代詞之前時經常用逗號隔開
EX) Ashland, who played the song, is my roommate.
(13) 逗號在其他情況下的使用問題
1)使用逗號能夠使句子表意更清晰
EX) Outside the square was crowded with people who were waiting for the New Year.
EX) Outside,the square was crowded with people who were waiting for the New Year.
2) 在城市、州、省的名字之間要用逗號隔開
EX) Dalian, Liaoning
EX) Boston, Massachusetts
3) 表達時間時逗號的固定使用位置
在日與年之間要加逗號。
EX) June 17, 1985, was one of the most meaningful days for them.
但是如果時間的表達順序爲日月年, 就不需要加逗號。
EX) She was adopted on 19 February 1962.
如果沒有註明日期就不需要使用逗號。
EX) Suzy was born in May 2010.
4) SAT&ACT考試中不用when來指代主句所表達的情況,在這種情況下常選用which來做關係代詞。
EX) Sandra called the police, which upset Luke even more.( X: Sandra叫警察這件事兒讓Luke不高興)
這句話在國內課堂上很常見,但是在SAT考試當中這句話是錯誤的表達, 因爲先行詞不明確導致句意模糊。
—> Sandra called the police, upsetting Luke even more.(O: Sandra發出兩個動作 calling 和 upsetting)
EX) Han did not come, which disappointed her.(X) Han沒來這件事兒讓她很失望,這裏which指代Han沒來這種情況。