醫學英語論文是醫學期刊的常見的文體。根據英國TheLancet雜誌和香港Hong Kong Medical Journal上所登載的論文以及國外其它期刊所刊登的文章來分析,大體包括以下幾個方面內容:標題、摘要、引言、方法、結果、討論、致謝、參考文獻。下面是小編蒐集整理的關於論文的英語引言、方法、結果、討論、致謝和參考文獻做一詳細論述,供大家閱讀參考。
1 引言(Introduction)
引言即是論文的開場白。在論文的引言中,作者主要介紹研究的背景和理由,具體說明研究的內容、目的、特點和意義。論文的背景和理由主要指研究主題的歷史,現狀,進展以及仍然存在的問題。引言可以對前人研究的結果,文獻摘用進行評述,並且敘述作者着手研究的原因及研究的新發展等。
該部分內容在時態上常運用一般過去時,一般現在時及現在完成時。舉例:
Introduction
The feasibility of ultrasonography for diagnosis of fetal cardiacabnormality was recognised in the early 1980s,and cardiac scanningis gradually being incorporated into fetal screening ffect of the screening process on the incidence and types ofcongenital heartdisease atterm has been difficultto ascertain becausemany pregnant women and infants travel great distances to specialistcentres which are farfrom their health a single centre,the geographical area from which its fetal referrals arrive is generallynot the same as the area attracting postnatal referrals,and the numberof births that each serves is impossible to BritishPaediatric Cardiac Association(BPCA)undertook a nationalcollaborative study of fetal cardiac aim was to assessthe effect of fetal diagnosis of congenital heart disease on the patternof serious congenital heart disease at term.
2 方法(Methods)
該部分可依據所研究的對象或使用的材料和採用的方法,也可分別稱之爲:對象與方法(Subjects and methods or Patients and methods),材料與方法(Materials and methods)。方法部分實際上是論文的主體,它是對論文的內容和採用的方法作出詳細的論述。具體的順序爲:首先是所使用的.材料或研究的對象,其次是程序安排,最後是結果計算或統計方法。方法部分一般爲回顧性敘述,在時態上多采用一般過去時,偶爾也有用過去完成時。不過,假若敘述的是定義,理論,圖表內容及數值,屬於客觀現象,故可採用一般現在時。舉例:
Patients and methods
The Information and Statistics Department of the Scottish Homeand Health Department collected data on the demographics andlaboratory results of all possible outbreak collected clinicaldata by reviewing the case notes of all cases admitted to hospital inthe Lanarkshire area.
All confirmed or probable cases ofEscherilchia coli(E coli)0157 infection,identified in the Lanarkshire area during the outbreakperiod,were included in the assessment and irmedcaseswere those in whom the outbreak strain ofE coliO157 wasisolated from stool stool cultureswere negative atthe locallaboratories,specimens were sent to Scotland'sE colireferencelaboratory in Aberdeen,for the more sensitive isolation method ofimmunomagnetic able cases were those with bloodydiarrhoea or haemolytic uraemic syndrome(HUS)/thromboticthrombocytopenic purpura(TTP),an association with food sourcesimplicated in the outbreak,noE coliO157 isolated,and no otherorganism ts were defined as patients 15 years of age orolder.
To allow standardisation of diagnosis in the face of a hugeclinical workload,a case definition for HUS and TTP was developedat the beginning of the was defined as evidence ofred-cell haemolysis(red-cell fragmentation on blood film and lactatedehydrogenase>1.5 times the upper limitof normal[our laboratory 0～480 IU/L])plus thrombocytopenia(platelets<150×109/L)with rising urea and creatinine three criteria hadto be met before the diagnosis could be made,but not necessarily onthe same blood sample.A diagnosis of TTPwas given to patientswhomet these laboratory criteria and developed new neurologicalsymptoms and patient was included as having developedHUS despite a minimum platelet count of 228×109/L(on death).
He had bloody diarrhoea,an association with an implicated foodsource,acute renal failure,the criteria for red-cell haemolysis,and afalling platelet count.
In the assessment of premorbid illness,medical historiesincluded as relevant were ischaemic heart disease,cardiac failure,hypertention,cerebrovascular disease,renal disease,diabetes,onary oedemawas diagnosed on clinical andradiological evidence.
TPE was performed at three centres with three Cobe SpectraApheresis Systems(Cobe Laboratories Ltd,Gloucester,UK)and aBaxter Fenwal CS-3000 Plus Cell Separator(Baxter Healthcare,Newberry,UK)ma was exchanged with 2.0～2.4 Lfresh frozenplasma or cryosupernatant in refractory anticoagulantused was ACD-A.A combination of central and peripheral venousaccess was avenous hydrocortisone was given with avenous prostacyclin was also given to cases receivingTPE,at doses between 40 mg/h and 200 mg/h,where were analysed by means of SPSS(version 7.5).