西北大學2014年翻譯碩士MTI考研真題
I. Phrase Translation
CBD：中央商務區(Central Business District);交貨前付款(cash before delivery)
API：空氣污染指數(Air pollution Index);應用程序編程接口(Application Programming Interface)
NASA：美國宇航局;美國太空總署(National Aeronautics and Space Administration)
CIO：首席資訊官(Chief Information Officer)
hegemonism：霸權主義
Ethnic Affairs Committee：民族委員會
Ministry of Land and Resources：(中華人民共和國)國土資源部
Source Document：源文檔;原始檔案
Retained Earning: 留存收益;留存盈餘;留存利潤
dabber: 輕拍的人; 敷墨具
Public Reserve Funds: 公積金
Global Position System: 全球定位系統
Treasury Bonds: 國庫債券
oracle bone inscriptions: 甲骨文
Yasukuni Shrine:
財務報表: Financial statements; financial sheet; Financial Reporting
原始設備製造商: original equipment manufacturer; OEM
紅學: Redology
安居工程: affordable housing project; housing project for low-income families
禪宗: Zen Buddhism
小品: witty skits; sketch
僑務辦公室: Office of Overseas Chinese Affairs
主任編輯: Associate Senior Editor
老三屆: unior and senior high school graduates of 1966~1968; school leavers of 1966~1968
電視臺臺長: TV Manager; TV Station Chief; TV Station Controller; TV Director
老字號: a time-honored brand; an old and famous shop or enterprise
利改稅: replacement of profit delivery by taxes; substitution of tax payment for profit delivery; Tax for Profits
南水北調: south water to north; South-to-North water diversion (Project); South-North water transfer
強權外交: power diplomacy
全面小康社會: the Building of a Moderately Prosperous Society in All Respects; a well-off society in an all-round way
II. Passage translation
Section A English to Chinese
Would that I could enrich this sketch with the names of all those who have ministered to my happiness! Some of them would be found written in our literature and dear to the hearts of many, while others would be wholly unknown to most of my readers. But their influence, though it escapes fame, shall live immortal in the lives that have been sweetened and ennobled by it. Those are red-letter days in our lives when we meet people who thrill us like a fine poem, people whose handshake is brimful of unspoken sympathy, and whose sweet, rich natures impart to our eager, impatient spirits a wonderful restfulness which, in its essence, is divine. The perplexities, irritations and worries that have absorbed us pass like unpleasant dreams, and we wake to see with new eyes and hear with new ears the beauty and harmony of Gods real world. The solemn nothings that fill our everyday life blossom suddenly into bright possibilities. In a word, while such friends are near us we feel that all is well. Perhaps we never sawthem before, and they may never cross our lifes path again; but the influence of their calm, mellow natures is a libation poured upon our discontent, and we feel its healing touch, as the ocean feels the mountain stream freshening its brine.
I have often been asked, Do not people bore you? I do not understand quite what that means. I suppose the calls of the stupid and curious, especially of newspaper reporters, are always inopportune. I also dislike people who try to talk down to my understanding. They are like people who when walking with you try to shorten their steps to suit yours; the hypocrisy in both cases is equally exasperating.
The hands of those I meet are dumbly eloquent to me. The touch of some hands is an impertinence. I have met people so empty of joy, that when I clasped their frosty finger tips, it seemed as if I were shaking hands with a northeast storm. Others there are whose hands have sunbeams in them, so that their grasp warms my heart. It may be only the clinging touch of a childs hand; but there is as much potential sunshine in it for me as there is in a loving glance for others. A hearty handshake or a friendly letter gives me genuine pleasure.
I have many far-off friends whom I have never seen. Indeed they are so many that I have often been unable to reply to their letters; but I wish to say here that I am always grateful for their kind words, however insufficiently I acknowledge them.(本文選自海倫凱勒自傳《我的生活》注)
參考譯文：我所以不惜筆墨地提到很多人的名字，是因爲他們曾帶給我無盡的快樂!其中一些人已經被記載在文獻中，並且成爲世人矚目的焦點。還有一些人則完全不爲我的讀者所知，雖然他們默默無聞，但是他們積極而崇高的生活態度對我的影響是永恆的。當我們遇到像一首絕妙詩歌一樣令我們怦然心動的人時，那一刻就是我們生命中的節日。同這些人握手時，你能感覺到他們的手掌充滿了無言的同情;對於飢渴而煩躁的心靈而言，他們那美好而富足的情懷帶給我們奇妙的寧靜感，而這種寧靜的本質，就是神聖。種種的困惑、惱怒和憂慮就像令人討厭的夢境一樣佔據了我們過去的生活，當我們再次醒來時，我們會用全新的眼睛和耳朵來感受世間的美麗與和諧，來感受神所創造的真實世界的偉大。我們的日常生活驀然間變得一片光明，帶來這種奇效的唯有神聖，而非他物。一言以蔽之，有這類朋友相伴在左右，我們就會感到無比充實。也許我們以前從來沒有見過他們，而且萍水相逢過後，他們可能再也不會同我們相遇，但是，他們那沉靜而成熟的氣質一定會對我產生深遠影響，我們所有的不快都會隨着他們敬拜天地的杯中酒一飲而盡;我們會感受到它療傷時的輕柔觸摸，正如大海能感受到鹹澀的苦水正在被融入的河流所沖淡。
我經常被人問及這樣的問題：難道人們不會令你心煩嗎?我實在不明白這是什麼意思。我猜想這種愚蠢而怪異的聲音可能來自新聞記者的報道。當然，這類報道往往是不合時宜的。我也不喜歡那些對我的理解力品頭論足的人，他們在和你一起走路時，總是試圖縮短他們自己的步幅，只爲了迎合你行走的速度。事實上，這兩類虛僞的人同樣令人無法容忍。
我所接觸的`那一雙雙手雖然默默無語，但是它們卻對我有着非比尋常的意義。其中，有一些手的觸摸是傲慢而無禮的。我曾遇到過一些相當缺少快樂的人，當我緊緊握住他們那冷若冰霜的指尖時，我的感覺就好像正在同一場來自東北的暴風雪握手。而另外有一些人，他們的雙手似乎存有陽光的餘溫，所以，同他們握手可以溫暖我的心。也許只有小孩子的手纔會抓住你不放，因爲他們對你有一種強烈的信任感;我可以感覺到，他們(小孩子)的手中爲我儲藏了大量的陽光，正如他們爲別人預備了充滿愛意的眼神一樣。總之，一次熱情的握手，或者一封表達友情的書信，都會帶給我最真切的快樂。
我有許多相隔萬里而從未謀面的朋友。他們爲數衆多，乃至於我無法一一回答他們的來信，但是我願意在此重申，對於他們那情真意切的話語，我始終心存感激，雖然我對他們知之甚少。
Section B Chinese to English
即便是對中國所知不多的人，也聽說過計劃生育政策，這項政策限制大部分中國夫婦只能生一個孩子。1980年，這個全球人口最多的國家頒佈了這一法律，其原意是出於對人口增長過快所帶來的資源消耗和傷害經濟增長的擔憂。中國的人口出生率從70年代的每名婦女生育4.77個兒童銳減至2011年的1.64個，但是這些年來，這一政策顯示出了無數後遺症，包括強制絕育和流產，以及重男輕女導致的女性人口短缺失衡。
前段時間，中國領導人表示將放寬計劃生育政策，允許有一方爲獨生子女的夫婦生二胎。目前，除非夫妻雙方都是獨生子女，否則仍只能要一個孩子;如果農村家庭的第一個孩子是女孩的話，可以生第二胎。政策變化的原因在於中國正尋求解決人口迅速老齡化背後所隱現的勞工短缺問題。這一人口結構的變化也將出人意料地影響到中國經濟的某一塊蓬勃發展的房地產市場。
房價長期上漲，已超出了很多中國人的承受範圍。一些研究發現，中國房價的飆升與日益擴大的男女比例失衡有關。因爲男性比女性多很多(15-30歲適婚年齡段中的男女比例爲1.15:1)，中國的婚戀競爭已變得異常激烈。
參考譯文：Even those who know little about China have heard of its policy limiting most couples to one child. The 1980 law in the worlds most populous country was originally intended to tame fears that a surging population would suck up resources and hurt growth. Birthrates plunged to 1.64 children per woman in 2011 from 4.77 in the 1970s, but the policy has led to countless troublesome consequences over the years, including forced sterilizations and abortions and a shortage of women in a country that overwhelmingly prefers boys over girls.
A few days ago, leaders pledged to relax the one-child policy, allowing couples to have two children if one parent is an only child. Currently, couples are restricted to one child unless both parents are only children and rural families are allowed to do so if their first child is a girl. The policy change comes as China seeks to address a looming shortage of workers in the face of a rapidly aging population. Such demographic changes could also ripple across an unexpected part of Chinas economy its booming housing market.
Property prices have spiked dramatically, making it unaffordable for many Chinese to buy. And studies have found that the rapid rise of Chinas home prices is linked to its widening gender imbalance. Because there are many more men than women (a ratio of 1.15 men of marriage age of 15 to 30 years old for every woman), Chinas dating scene has become ultra-competitive.