摘 要
琵琶已有2000多年的歷史，在北周時期就把琵琶引入到了中原來編制樂隊，漢代色彩簡單而又純樸，隋唐時期色彩繁華富麗，在樂隊的形式中也出現了大小之分，有獨奏、伴奏、合奏等多種演奏形式。從敦煌壁畫飛天的琵琶樂伎傳世的繪畫名作爲我們提供了唐代演奏曲項琵琶右手握撥，橫抱懷中的生動形象。北宋時期市井色彩的伴奏樂隊成爲了大衆娛樂形式。明嘉清年間的江南色彩在琵琶彈唱藝術中得以體現，常常以領銜地位在伴奏樂隊中以其獨特的.技法填補和豐富歌詞內容，並且深受羣衆的喜愛。在漫長的發展過程中，近現代的琵琶已是我國民族樂隊中的主要演奏樂器，也廣泛用於歌唱、曲藝、戲曲的伴奏。在改革後更爲突出，往往給人以別緻、新穎、輕鬆、愉快之感。現代樂隊中琵琶的音樂形象豐滿鮮明，運用現代配器手段和流行話的感人旋律使作品具備了戲劇性地衝擊力，它都可以作到表現力細緻多樣，音樂色彩紛呈。在地方樂種中，對於不同地域，不同風格的作品在技法、音響、表現形式等方面帶有許多功能性定向色彩。在與其它樂器結合起來的混合音色也很相宜，因此在中西樂隊表現也比較突出，佔有1定的地位。而在當今流行音樂中的琵琶仍在試探中逐漸找到了自己在樂隊中的定位。
關鍵詞：琵琶；樂隊；表現色彩；琵琶系樂種
ABSTRACT
The pipa had more than 2000 years history, on introduced in the Northern Zhou Dynasty time the pipa the area south of Yellow River to establish the orchestra, the Han Dynasty color simple and also is simple, Sui and Tang dynasties time color lively splendid, also appeared in orchestras form division of the size, had the solo, the accompaniment, the instrumental ensemble and so on many kinds of performance form. The drawing celebrated work is handed down for generations which from the Dunhuang fresco flying apsaras pipa happy skill provided the Tang Dynasty for us to develop plays a tune the item of pipa right hand to grasp dials, in horizontal thoughts vivid image. Northern Song Dynasty time marketplace color accompaniment orchestra has become the populace entertainment form. Ming Jiaqing the year Chiangnan color plays an instrument and sings in art in the pipa to be able to manifest, frequently by leading signer status in accompaniment orchestra by its unique technique fill and rich lyrics content, and deeply populaces affection. In the long developing process, the near modern pipa already was in our country nationality orchestras main performance musical instrument, also widely used in singing, the acrobatics, the drama accompaniment. Is more prominent after the reform, often gives the human by uniquely, novel, relaxed, the happy feeling. In modern orchestra pipa musical image plentiful bright, and flowed the shoptalk using the modern adapter method the touching melody to cause the work to have theatrically the impulse, it all might do the expressive force carefully diverse, music color numerous. In place Le Zhong, regarding the different region, the different style work in aspects and so on technique, sound, manifestation has many functionality directional colors. In the mix timbre which unifies with other musical instruments very is also suitable, therefore displays in China and the West orchestra quite is also prominent, holds certain status. But in now in the pop music the pipa still gradually to find own in the probe in orchestras localization.
Key words: Pipa; orchestra; performance color; musical instrument classification
