目錄
前言．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．1
1 黑洞．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．1
2 黑洞熱輻射．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．2
2．1 黑洞熱力學4定律．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．2
2．2 霍金輻射．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．4
3 黑洞非熱輻射．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．8
3．1 彭若斯過程．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．8
3．2 米斯鈉過程．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．8
3．3 斯塔諾賓斯基—安魯效應．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．8
4 總結．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．9
參考文獻．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．9
英文摘要．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．10
致謝．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．10
黑洞熱輻射與非熱輻射
摘要：從1973年霍金髮現黑洞熱輻射起，人們對這個問題採用彎曲時空的量子場論、格林函數法、共形變換等方法進行了廣泛的研究。而國內使用了1種新的座標變換，使黑洞的研究從靜態進入到了動態。本文主要從相對論與量子力學的角度證明了黑洞的熱輻射與非熱輻射的存在。透過對彎曲時空中粒子的運動方程克萊因—高登方程的求解，並將出射波解在復 平面做解析延拓，得出黑洞的輻射譜爲嚴格的黑體輻射譜[1-2]。透過考察黑洞內的'負能級，分析黑洞邊界處的狄拉克能級，證明了在黑洞視界附近，能量處於 的負能粒子，將由於量子隧道效應而穿過禁區，產生1種與溫度無關的非熱輻射。
關鍵詞：黑洞；熱輻射；非熱輻射
前言
在60年代以前，人們主要利用廣義相對論研究黑洞的時空結構1類問題。70年代初期，美國科學家貝肯斯坦首先引入了黑洞熵的概念，接着，英國理論物理學家霍金用剛剛興起的彎曲時空量子場論研究了黑洞的輻射問題，黑洞的研究進入了1個新的階段。由於將現代物理學中強有力的理論工具如統計物理，量子場論等引入了黑洞的研究，黑洞的研究獲得了新的豐富的內容，成爲了物理學研究的前沿課題。黑洞的輻射理論正是這1方面的1個重要內容，是在黑洞的熱力學和黑洞輻射被發現之後迅速建立發展起來的。本文對黑洞的輻射理論進行了介紹，闡明瞭黑洞的熱輻射與非熱輻射的機制問題。
The Thermal Radiation and the Nonthermal Radiation of Black Hole
Abstract:Since1973, when Hawking discovered the thermal radiation of black hole, this problem has been widely studied by means of theory of quantum field in curved space-time, Green’s function method and the conformal transformation etc. whereas in China, a new kind of coordinate transformation has been used, which brings a dynamic research on black hole instead of the static research. This paper proves from the tangle of theory of relativity and quantum mechanics, that there does exist thermal radiation and nonthermal radiation in the black hole. After a careful solution of the movement equation of particles as well as the Klein-Gorden equation in curved space-time, and the analgesic continuation of out going wave in the complex number r plane, it reaches a conclusion that the radiation spectrum of black hole is rigorous black body radiation spectrum. By inspecting the negative energy within black hole and analyzing the Dirac energy level on the edge of black hole, this paper proves that negative energy particles with a range of on the surface area of the black hole will pass through the forbidden area as a result of the quantum tunneling effect and produce a kind of nonthermal radiation that has nothing to do with temperature.
Key words: black hole; thermal radiation; nonthermal radiation