【摘要】 目的研究氣虛發熱證家兔的面板、肺臟、脾臟的形態學變化,探討氣虛發熱對面板、肺臟、脾臟的影響。方法 將家兔隨機分成2組，即正常組與氣虛發熱組，採用禁食不禁水和腹腔注射脂多糖(LPS)建立氣虛發熱模型，取面板、脾臟、肺臟組織製備石蠟組織切片，顯微鏡下觀察其形態學變化。結果 顯微鏡下觀察組織切片，與正常組相比，氣虛發熱組家兔肺臟局部有炎性細胞浸潤，脾臟局部組織有竈狀多核鉅細胞浸潤並見肉芽腫性病變，面板表皮呈不規則皺縮，毛囊變短，毛孔頭數明顯減少。結論 氣虛發熱證家兔的面板、脾臟、肺臟與正常家兔比較存在組織形態學差異。
【關鍵詞】 氣虛發熱;面板;肺臟;脾臟;形態學
Abstract:ObjectiveTo investigate the morphologic changes in skin,lung and spleen of rabbits with syndrome of fever due to qi deficiency,and to explore the effect of syndrome of fever due to qi deficiency on skin,lung and spleen. Methods Rabbits were randomly divided into two groups,normal group and group of syndrome of fever due to qi deficiency. The syndrome of fever due to qi deficiency group was developed by administering LPS and fasting. Paraffin sections of skin,lung,and spleen were prepared after hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining,and morphological changes were observed under light microscopy. Results Compared with the normal tissue sections from the control group,local inflammatory cell infiltration from lung tissue,infiltration of focal multinucleated giant cells and granulomatous lesion from spleen,and irregular wrinkling of epidermis,hair follicle shortening were observed in the groups of rabbits with syndrome of fever due to qi deficiency,with significant decreasing number of skin pore visible under light microscopy. Conclusion There were morphological differences in microscopic structures of skin,lung,and spleen between the healthy rabbits and those with syndrome of fever due to qi deficiency.
Key words:syndrome of fever due to qi deficiency; skin; lung; spleen; paraffin section
元·李東恆認爲，脾爲後天之本，氣血生化之源。飲食勞倦七情，皆傷脾胃，損及元氣之故。而脾胃虛弱日久，又常導致他髒不足而兼見多髒虛證。故氣虛先導致脾虛，脾虛是氣虛的本質[1]。氣虛病機的形成是由肺脾功能不足、失調所致，導致氣生無根，氣化無源，氣用不足，從而表現出氣虛的各種病機狀態[2]。氣虛證除有脾胃氣虛的一面，還有致熱的因素，氣虛發熱乃是氣虛、感邪二者綜合的`病理反映[3]。總的來說，氣虛發熱是脾臟、肺臟的病理結果，面板是氣虛發熱的外在表現。現代研究發現，脾虛證患者在胃腸道形態學、胃組織細胞內細胞器密度數量、細胞內能量代謝、胃腸道黏膜保護性屏障作用、消化系統功能、胃腸道激素水平、免疫功能及植物神經功能等方面均存在不同程度的異常[4]。從面板組織形態觀察目前主要是觀察表皮、 彈力纖維和膠原纖維[5-7]。本實驗從組織形態學方面進行研究，探討氣虛發熱對面板、肺臟、脾臟的影響，結果更直觀，對臨牀用藥具有一定的指導意義。
1材料與方法
1.1動物
新西蘭兔4只，普通級，體質量1.8~2.2 kg，許可證號：SCXK(粵)2008-0020，購於廣州中醫藥大學實驗動物中心。
1.2試劑
脂多糖[lipopolysaccharides(LPS) 055∶B5，L2880，Sigma公司];無水乙醇(AR，天津市百世化工有限公司，批號：20081108);95%(φ)乙醇 (AR，天津市大茂化學試劑廠，批號：20080407);二甲苯(AR，天津市富宇精細化工有限公司，批號：20081106);甲醛溶液(天津市科盟化工工貿有限公司，批號：20080423);切片石蠟(中國上海標本模型廠，批號：20070912)。
1.3HE染色染色劑的製備[8]