顯而易見，英語的基本語序是“主語+謂語”，這種語序稱爲陳述句語序或自然語序(normal word order)，如果把謂語的全部或一部分置於主語之前，就稱爲倒裝語序(inverted word order)，當謂語全部置於主語之前，稱爲全部倒裝(full inversion);當謂語一部分(如助動詞或情態動詞)置於主語之前，稱爲部分倒裝(partial inversion)。下面就讓小編爲大家詳解一下吧。
一、全部倒裝
(一)there be句型
有時一些表示存在意義的不及物動詞也可用於該句型，如：stand，lie，exist，live， remain，appear，come，happen，occur，rise等。
例句：Generally, there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states, large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a common set of laws. (選自2007年Use of English)
分析：該句是複合句，其中a belief與that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states互爲同位語關係，形容詞短語large enough to be...作定語修飾states。
譯文：他們普遍認爲新生的國家是擁有主權和完全獨立的國家，大到經濟上可執行良好，並由一套共同法律讓各個新的獨立國家聯合起來。
(二)表示方向、地點的狀語等詞置於句首
here， there， up， down， away， in， out， off等位於句首時，往往主謂倒裝。
例句： Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors.
(選自2002年Text 1)
分析： 該句是複合句，which I heard at a nurses convention和which works well共同修飾story。
譯文： 舉個例子，在一次護士大會上，我聽到了一個效果很理想的幽默故事，因爲聽衆都對醫生持有相同的看法。
(三)作表語的形容詞或分詞置於句首
例句： Lying unconsciously under the tree was an old man aged 75.
分析： 該句是簡單句，aged 75修飾an old man，作後置定語。
譯文： 一位75歲高齡的老人躺在樹下，已經不省人事。
二、部分倒裝
(一)否定詞或具有(半)否定意義的詞或詞組置於句首作狀語
如：never， scarcely， hardly， rarely， seldom， little， no ， ， (before)， not only， in no case (in no way， at no time， on no account， by no means，under no circumstances，in no respects)(決不，在任何情況下都不)， no longer/no more (不再)。
例句： Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe. (2005年第46題)
分析： 該句是複合句，and前是一複合句，定語從句by which...修飾the means，後一分句中never置於句首引起倒裝。
譯文： 電視是製造和表達這些情緒的方式之一，在加強不同民族和國家之間的聯繫方面，電視也許還從來沒有像在歐洲事務中那樣起過如此大的作用。
(二)only+副詞/介詞短語/狀語從句(句首狀語由only修飾)
例句： Only recently did linguists begin the serious study of languages that were very different from their own. (選自2004年Part B)
分析： 該句是複合句，that were very different from their own是修飾languages的定語從句。
譯文： 直到最近，語言學家纔開始認真研究與他們自己所掌握的完全不同的語言。
例句： Only gradually was the byproduct of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution.
(2009年第47題)
分析： 該句是由and連接的兩個並列簡單句，兩個分句都是以only開頭的倒裝句，在前一分句中，主幹部分是the byproduct of the institution was noted， only gradually修飾noted;在後一分句中，主幹是this effect was considered...， 其中only more gradually修飾considered, as a directive factor作主語this effect的補足語，介詞短語in the conduct of the institution作directive factor的後置定語。
譯文： 人們只是逐漸地認識到制度這一副產品，而在執行這種制度的過程中，認識到這種效果具有指導性作用的時間則更加緩慢。
(三)條件從句中省略if
在虛擬語氣中，條件從句if省略時，倒裝到主語前的是助動詞should，had和系動詞were。
例句： Were the Times Co. to purchase another major media company, there is no doubt that it could dramatically transform a family run enterprise that still gets 90% of its revenues from newspapers. (1999年第13題)
分析： 該句是複合句，were the Times Co. to purchase是一省略if的倒裝句，that it could rprise是doubt的同位語，而that still gets 90% of its revenues from newspapers是修飾enterprise的定語從句。
譯文： 如果時代公司要收購另一家主流媒體公司的話，那仍舊靠報紙獲得90%收入的家族式企業的模式肯定會遭到它大刀闊斧的改革。
例句： Had it not been for the timely investment from the general public, our company would not be so thriving as it is. (1998年第10題)
分析： 該句是複合句，had it not been...是一個省略if的倒裝從句，整個句子表示混合式虛擬語氣，主句表示與現在相反假設，從句表示與過去相反假設。
譯文： 要不是公衆及時投資，我們公司不會像現在這麼繁榮。
(四)其他部分倒裝情況
表示前面陳述的情況適合於後者，前面是肯定句，後面用so引導;前面是否定句，後面用neither或nor引導，省略倒裝句中的助動詞在時態和語態形式上與前面句子保持一致。。
例句： Americans no longer expect public figures, whether in speech or in writing, to command the English with skill and gift. Nor do they aspire to such command themselves. (選自2005年Text 4)
分析： 該句是由nor引導的並列句。whether in speech or in writing的完整形式是whether they are in speech or in writing，表示讓步;介詞短語with skill and gift在句中作狀語修飾動詞command。
譯文： 美國人不再期望公衆人物在演講或寫作時可以嫺熟地運用技巧和文采來掌握英語，而人們本身也不這樣要求自己。
(五)結構
結構中，“so+狀語”位於句首表強調時，使用倒裝。
例句： So involved with their computers do the children become that leaders at summer computer camps often have to force them to break for sports and games.
(2001年第6題)
分析： 該句是複合句，that leaders at summer computer camps...是一結果狀語從句，so involved with...置於句首引起倒裝。
譯文： 孩子們對電腦如此着迷，以至於電腦夏令營的組織者們不得不強迫他們停下來做一些體育運動和遊戲。
(六)not until置於句首
not until置於句首時，連詞until引導的從句主謂不倒裝，但主句的主謂結構必須倒裝。
例句： Not until you return those books to the library immediately will you have to pay a fine.
分析： 該句是複合句。由於not until置於句首，主句will you have to pay a fine是一倒裝句。
譯文： 只有及時還書給圖書館，你纔不會受罰。
(七)as， though， no matter how， however引導的讓步狀語從句
as， though引導的倒裝句型爲：名詞(前不加a或an)/形容詞/副詞+as+主語+謂語，該結構可用though引導的讓步狀語從句來替換，譯爲“雖然…但是”或“儘管…但是”。
例句：Much as I have traveled, I have never seen anyone to equal her in thoroughness, whatever the job.
分析：該句是複合句，其中從句much as I have traveled是一倒裝句，短語“equal sb. in sth.”意爲“在某方面與他人旗鼓相當”
譯文：雖然我常旅行，但我從未見過任何人於任何工作能像她那樣一絲不苟。
例句：Odd though it sounds, cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementary article physics, many astrophysicists have been convinced for the better part of a decade that it is true. (1998年第75題)
分析：該句是複合句，odd though it sounds是一倒裝句，其中it指代cosmic inflation，介詞短語in elementary article physics修飾ideas，that it is true在句中作convinced的賓語，另一介詞短語for the better part of a decade作狀語表示時間。
譯文：宇宙膨脹說雖然聽似奇特，但它還是基本粒子物理學中一些公認的理論在科學上看來可信的推論。許多天體物理學家十年來一直認爲這一論說是正確的。
(八)be+主語+其他(若其他是單數名詞作賓語，則名詞前不接不定冠詞a/an)
這是一開放式條件狀語從句，屬於特殊倒裝結構，表示泛指。該結構可用結構來替換，同時單數名詞前的不定冠詞保持不變，可譯爲“不管/不論……”。
例句：Church as we use the word refers to all religious institutions, be they Christian, Islamic, Buddhist, Jewish, and so on. (2001年第10題)
分析： 該句是複合句，be they...是一倒裝句，相當於whether they are...。
譯文： 我們所使用的教堂一詞，指的是所有的.宗教機構，不管它們是基督教、佛教或猶太教等。
英語倒裝句的語法
在英語中，主語和謂語的語序通常是主語在前，謂語在後。但有時由於語法或修辭的需要將謂語的部分或全部提到主語前面，這樣的語序叫做倒裝
倒裝的種類：部分倒裝---- 助動詞情態動詞+主語+謂語的實義動詞
全部倒裝---- 謂語+主語
一. 在特殊句型中：
1.在疑問句中:
eg: Is this your cell phone number? What do you prefer?
2.在感嘆句中：
eg: How happy they are! What fun it is!
3.在虛擬條件句中：
eg: If I were a bird, I could fly freely.=
Had I known it earlier, I wouldnt have lent him the money.
Long live peace! May our friendship be everlasting!
4.直接引語的一部分或全部放在句首時;
eg: You should have been here earlier, said the teacher.
You, said his father, do the housework.
二. 在以下結構中用全部倒裝：
1.在there be句型中;
eg: There are thousands of people gathering on the square.
There lived an old fisherman in the village.
2.在here, there, now, thus, then+動詞+主語的句子中,(動詞爲be, go, come等);
英語語法倒裝句式複習
1 倒裝句之全部倒裝
全部倒裝是隻將句子中的謂語動詞全部置於主語之前。此結構通常只用與一般現在時和一般過去時。常見的結構有：
1) here, there, now, then, thus等副詞置於句首, 謂語動詞常用be, come, go, lie, run。
There goes the bell.
Then came the chairman.
Here is your letter.
2) 表示運動方向的副詞或地點狀語置於句首，謂語表示運動的動詞。
Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.
Ahead sat an old woman.
注意：上述全部倒裝的句型結構的主語必須是名詞，如果主語是人稱代詞則不能完全倒裝。
Here he they went.
2 倒裝句之部分倒裝
部分倒裝是指將謂語的一部分如助動詞或情態倒裝至主語之前。如果句中的謂語沒有助動詞或情態動詞，則需添加助動詞do, does或did，並將其置於主語之前。
1)句首爲否定或半否定的詞語，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until… 等。
Never have I seen such a performance.
Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.
Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.
當Not until引出主從複合句，主句倒裝，從句不倒裝。
注意： 如否定詞不在句首不倒裝。
I have never seen such a performance.
The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep.
典型例題
1)Why can't I smoke here?
At no time___ in the meeting-room
A. is smoking ing is permitted
C. smoking is it smoking permit
答案A. 這是一個倒裝問題。當否定詞語置於句首以表示強調時，其句中的主謂須用倒裝結構。 這些否定詞包括no, little, hardly, seldom, never, not only, not until等。本題的正常語序是 Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time.
2） Not until the early years of the 19th century ___ what heat is.
A. man did know B. man know C. didn't man know D. did man know
答案D. 看到Not until…的句型，我們知道爲一倒裝句，答案在C，D 中選一個。
改寫爲正常語序爲，Man did not know what heat is until the early years of the 19th. 現在將not提前，後面就不能再用否定了,否則意思就變了。
3 以否定詞開頭作部分倒裝
如 Not only…but also, Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner… than
Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender.
Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.
No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.
典型例題
No sooner___ than it began to rain heavily.
A. the game began the game begun
C. did the game begin the game begun
答案D. 以具有否定意義的副詞放在句首時，一般採用倒裝句(謂語前置)。這類表示否定意義的詞有never, seldom, scarcely, little, few, not, hardly, 以及not only…but (also), no sooner…than, hardly… when scarcely… when等等。
注意：只有當Not only… but also連接兩個分句時，纔在第一個分句用倒裝結構。如果置於句首的Not only… but also僅連接兩個並列詞語，不可用倒裝結構。
Not only you but also I am fond of music.
4 so, neither, nor作部分倒裝
表示"也"、"也不" 的句子要部分倒裝。
Tom can speak French. So can Jack.
If you won't go, neither will I.
典型例題
---Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother?
---I don't know, _____.
A. nor don't I careB. nor do I careC. I don't care neitherD. I don't care also
答案：B. nor爲增補意思"也不關心"，因此句子應倒裝。A錯在用 don't 再次否定， C neither 用法不對且缺乏連詞。 D缺乏連詞。
注意： 當so引出的句子用以對上文內容加以證實或肯定時，不可用倒裝結構。意爲"的確如此"。
Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did.
---It's raining hard.---So it is.
5 only在句首要倒裝的情況
Only in this way, can you learn English well.
Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.
如果句子爲主從複合句，則主句倒裝，從句不倒裝
Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed.
6 as, though 引導的倒裝句
as / though引導的讓步從句必須將表語或狀語提前 （形容詞, 副詞, 分詞, 實義動詞提前）。
注意：
1) 句首名詞不能帶任何冠詞。
2) 句首是實義動詞, 其他助動詞放在主語後。如果實義動詞有賓語和狀語, 隨實義動詞一起放在主語之前。
Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.
注意:
讓步狀語從句中，有though，although時，後面的主句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可連用。
7 其他部分倒裝
1) so… that 句型中的so 位於句首時，需倒裝。
So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.
2)在某些表示祝願的句型中：
May you all be happy.
3)在虛擬語氣條件句中從句謂語動詞有were, had, should等詞，可將if 省略，把 were, had, should 移到主語之前，採取部分倒裝。
Were I you, I would try it again.
典型例題：
1） Not until the early years of the 19th century___ what heat is
A. man did know B. man knew C. didn't man know D. did man know
答案爲D.否定詞Not在句首，要求用部分倒裝的句子結構。
2） Not until I began to work ___ how much time I had wasted.
A. didn't I realizeB. did I realizeC. I didn't realizeD. I realize
答案爲B。
3)Do you know Tom bought a new car?
I don't know, ___.
A. nor don't I care B. nor do I care
C. I don't care neitherD. I don't care also
解析：答案爲B.句中的nor引出部分倒裝結構，表示"也不"。由 so, neither, nor引導的倒裝句，表示前一情況的重複出現。其中, so用於肯定句, 而 neither, nor 用在否定句中。