第二部分 寫作
第四章 應用文寫作（小作文）
第二節 題 型 分 析（上）
一、書信
書信是人類交流的最重要的方式之一，對於人類的交流具有重要的意義。一般來說，書信分爲私人信函和公務信函。私人信函屬於非正式文體，一般是指與熟人、家人和朋友之間進行日常事務交流的信件。私人信件用詞可以比較隨意，但是語氣要真摯。公務信件則屬於正式文體，通常用於商務場合，其中最實用也是最重要的包括邀請信、請求信、建議信、求職信、道歉信、感謝信、申請信、投訴信、和詢問信等。
英文信件的書寫和中文一樣，有固定的結構。考生在平時複習中一定要對各種書信體的格式熟記於心。當前的書信格式主要有英式和美式兩種。英式結構即縮進式結構，屬於比較傳統的結構，即每一段的第一行都向裏縮進4~8個字元，且所有段落的縮進距離必須保持一致；稱呼頂格寫，落款則在中間偏右的位置。美式結構則是齊頭式結構，在商務英語中比較流行，尤其普遍運用於電子郵件的交流中，其特點是所有段落的第一行都頂格寫，段與段之間空一行，另外稱呼、落款等也都頂格寫。
英文的書信結構通常包括6個組成部分：信頭（heading，包括寄信人地址和日期）、信內地址（inside address，指收信人地址）、稱呼（salutation）、正文（body）、結束語（complimentary）、簽名（signature），有時候還包括附言（postscript）和附件（attachment）。
以下具體介紹幾類書信的'寫法：
（一）邀請信
邀請信是寫信人對收信人的一種盛情邀請， 一般分爲正式和非正式兩種，非正式邀請信比較隨便，正式邀請信比較注重文采，爲發出正式邀請之用。邀請信格式與其他信函相同，具體寫作步驟包括：
首段： 說明與收信人的相關性及寫作目的，意圖。
主體段落：具體說明相關情景，包括活動的時間地點，受邀人，活動內容和日程安排等。並應強調爲什麼要邀請收信人。
結尾段： 表示期待收信人的回覆。
邀請信要求考生邀請朋友參加特殊聚會，共度假期或者訪問某地等，考生可以採用半正式文體。
模板句式
I am writing to invite you to…
我寫信是想邀請你……
I wander if you can come…
我在想你是否能來參加……
I think it would be a great idea if you could participate in…
我想如果你能參加……將是一個非常好的主意。
Would you please drop me a line to let me know if you can come to…
你可以打電話通知我你是否能來。
Be sure to let me know if you can come. My whole family is very eager awaiting your arrival.
請通知我你是否能來，我們全家都非常盼望你的到來。
We would be looking forward to your coming with great pleasure.
我們非常高興地期待着你的到來。
I am looking forward to seeing you.
我非常期待見到你。
My family and I would feel much honored if you would come.
如果你能來，我們全家都將感到不勝榮幸。
Please accept my invitation and let me know at your convenience as soon as possible.
請接受我的邀請並儘早通知我。
經典範文
Dear Mary,
I am going to have a dinner party at my house on October 22, 2007 to celebrate my fathers 70-year-old birthday. It is an important occasion for our family and as you are a close friend of us, my parents and I do hope you can come and share our joy.
The party will start at seven oclock in the evening. There will be a small musical soiree, at which a band will perform some popular and classical songs at first. At around eight oclock， we will start our dinner, during which we can talk and laugh together. And then all the friends will take some photos together.
I know you have been busy these days, but I do hope you can make it, my family and I look forward to the pleasure of your company.
Yours affectionately,
Chen Feng
練習一
Write an informal invitation based on the information given below.
Ji Bai, head of the Household Electric Appliance Plant, invites the public to the exclusive presentation of their new models of Digital Recorders, which are of superb quality, and a reception at two presentation will take place at Noble Hotel on the third of Jan.
Tel No.: 010-69985421
參考範文
Dear Sir or Madam,
We would like to invite you to an exclusive presentation of our new models of Digital Recorders. The presentation will take place at Noble Hotel on the third of January. There will also be a reception at two pm. We hope you will also to attend.
Our plant is a leading producer of high-quality recording equipment. As you well know, recent technological advances have made these products increasingly affordable to the public. Our new models offer super quality.
We look forward to seeing you on 3rd. Just call our office at 010-69985421,and we will be glad to reserve a place for you.
Sincerely yours,
Ji Bai